Nail fungal infections are primarily caused by dermatophytes, but yeasts and molds can also be responsible. They thrive in warm, moist environments and can enter the nail through small cuts or gaps between the nail and nail bed.

 Common symptoms include discoloration (white, yellow, or brown spots), thickening, brittleness, crumbling edges, and sometimes a foul odor. The nail may also separate from the nail bed.

A healthcare provider can diagnose a nail fungal infection by examining the affected nail and possibly taking a sample for laboratory analysis to identify the specific type of fungus

Treatment options include topical antifungal medications, oral antifungal drugs, laser therapy, and in some cases, surgical removal of the affected nail.

 Treatment duration varies depending on the severity of the infection. Topical treatments may take several months, while oral medications can take 6-12 weeks. Full nail regrowth can take up to 6months to an year.

Topical treatments typically have fewer side effects, such as mild irritation.

Yes, nail fungal infections can recur, especially if preventive measures are not followed. Maintaining good foot hygiene and avoiding environments conducive to fungal growth can help prevent recurrence.